Resource

Winter weather

Closeup of icicles on a roof during a snowstorm

Exposure to winter weather can be harmful to health, and in some cases may pose a serious threat to life. Learn the symptoms of hypothermia and frostbite, and how to prepare for the winter season to protect your health and that of your family and community.

Health issues during winter weather

During winter weather, there are increased risks of hypothermia, frostbite, slips, falls, carbon monoxide poisoning and potentially death. Anyone can be impacted by the health effects of winter weather, so be prepared and take action when necessary. 

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Hypothermia

Hypothermia is caused by exposure to cold temperatures, causing body temperature to drop. Low body temperature can cause confusion and difficulty moving and can have severe impacts including organ failure and death.

Download the hypothermia infographic
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Frostbite

Frostbite occurs when skin freezes and can occur when skin is exposed to cold temperatures. In severe cases, frostbite may lead to amputation (the need to medically remove a body part). At the first signs of redness or pain in any skin area, protect any exposed skin and/or get out of the cold—frostbite may be beginning.

Download the frostbite infographic

People at higher risk

Some people are at higher risk of experiencing health effects related to winter weather. While anyone who isn’t dressed warmly is at risk of negative health effects , some individuals are at greater risk from winter weather than others. Preparing for and having support during winter weather events is especially important for the following groups:

Populations who are at higher risk of winter weather-related health effects include: 

  • People who are unhoused or insecurely housed 
  • People living in housing without enough insultation, electricity, or heat (including people who can’t afford to use heat). 
  • People spending long periods of time outdoors (for work, recreation, or transportation) 
  • Older adults 
  • Infants and young children 
  • People with a pre-existing health conditions including heart or lungs conditions, or health conditions that impact blood circulation (e.g. diabetes, or certain medications that constrict blood vessels) 
  • People who use substances, including alcohol 

Take safety precautions

As winter arrives, members of the public are encouraged to take precautions. For additional information visit the Winter Care webpage.

  • At home

    • Heat your home to at least 21℃ if infants or elderly people are present. During winter months, heating costs may increase. If you have difficulty paying for heat, consider exploring BC Hydro’s Energy Conservation Assistance Program and check if your city or town has a rent bank.  
    • Make a plan and prepare your home for winter hazards in your area. See the PreparedBC Guides for Winter Weather and Storms, Power Outages, Floods, Avalanches and other BC hazards.  
    • Build an emergency kit and restock it after each use. See the PreparedBC Home Preparedness Guide. 
    • Maintain public spaces outside of your home, including sidewalks and parking areas, as safe pathways for everyone's mobility. 
      • Learn snow shovelling tips to prevent injuries.  
      • Some communities have Snow Angels / Snow Stars programs to assist seniors or people with disabilities to clear snow off walkways. This can decrease injury risk and support people's mobility. Volunteers are always needed! Contact your local government or First Nation for more information.   
    • During winter, carbon monoxide poisoning may occur more frequently as some heating systems burn fuel to keep spaces warm (e.g. gas heating, wood or charcoal stoves, oil, kerosene). Carbon monoxide poisoning occurs when people inhale too much carbon monoxide and can happen when appliances malfunction or are used in spaces without adequate ventilation (e.g., blocked chimneys, closed windows, or inside a tent). You cannot see, smell or taste carbon monoxide, but it can be deadly in minutes.

    Learn the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning and prevention tips (HealthLink BC)

  • Getting around outside

    • Check the weather report before going outside. Plan a safe route with extra time to navigate winter conditions.  
    • Dress for winter weather:  
      • Wear layers, preferably with a waterproof or windproof outer layer. Take off layers as you heat up to avoid sweating. The risk of hypothermia increases when you or your clothes are wet. 
      • Choose wool or synthetic clothing, which keeps people warmer and dryer than cotton.  
      • Depending on the temperature and wind (wind chill), exposed skin can freeze in minutes. Wear a hat, scarf, mittens or gloves.    
      • Use boots or shoes that fit well, are insulated, waterproof, and have good traction. Consider wearing traction devices on footwear, but remember that they can be slippery on smooth surfaces like tiles.  
      • Wear bright and reflective clothing so vehicles can see you in the dark. Drivers should proceed cautiously, and visibility can increase safety for people walking, rolling or biking.  
  • Avoiding slips and falls

    • Plan ahead so you have enough time to get where you're going.
    • Walk on cleared walkways if there is ice and snow on the ground.
    • Use boots or shoes that fit well and have a thick, non-slip tread sole.
    • Use a cane, ski poles or walking sticks to help with balance. If using a cane, attach a retractable ice pick to the end.
    • Take short shuffling steps with your toes pointed slightly outward on slippery surfaces (like a penguin). Watch this winter walking video for more tips.
  • Driving

  • During winter storms and extreme cold

    • Check weather advisories from Environment and Climate Change Canada and emergency alerts from Emergency Info BC. 
    • Contact your Local Government or First Nation for community support.  
    • Know where to go for the right healthcare during winter months.  
    • Consider rescheduling activities or limiting time outdoors during colder temperatures. 
    • Check-in on your neighbours, friends and family, especially older adults or people with disabilities who live alone. Make sure they are keeping warm and check if they need supplies, transportation, assistance clearing snow or other support.     

Local weather, shelter, and emergency information

During winter weather events, local governments, First Nations, and non-governmental organizations in the Vancouver Coastal Health (VCH) region operate shelters or encourage people to use other public spaces (like libraries and community centres) to safely warm up and avoid exposure to the cold. Some spaces are open overnight, and others are available during the day. More spaces may be added during a weather alert, when risk increases due to cold, wind and/or precipitation.  

Many local governments and First Nations post updated information on their social media pages about warming centres or temporary shelters activated during winter weather warnings. 

Shelter options may change quickly based on the current weather conditions and capacity. Confirm with organizations directly if services or spaces are currently available.  

Learn where to find shelter, weather, and emergency information

Winter weather warnings

  • Arctic outflow warnings

    Issued for Coastal British Columbia regions when any combination of wind speed and temperature gives a wind chill of -20°C or lower for 6 hours or more.

  • Extreme cold warnings

    Issued for Coastal British Columbia when temperature or wind chills are expected to reach -35°C for at least 2 hours.

  • Snowfall warnings

    Issued for Southern and Central Coastal British Columbia when 10 centimeters or more of snow falls within 12 hours or less; or when 5 centimeters or more of snow falls within 6 hours or less. 

  • Winter storm warnings

    Issued for when severe and potentially dangerous winter weather conditions are expected, including: a major snowfall (25 centimeters or more within a 24 hour period) and a significant snowfall (snowfall warning criteria amounts) combined with other cold weather precipitation types such as freezing rain, strong winds, blowing snow and/or extreme cold.

  • Flash freeze warnings

    Issued when significant ice is expected to form on roads, sidewalks or other surfaces over much of a region because of the freezing of residual water from either melted snow or falling/fallen rain due to a rapid drop in temperatures.

During winter storms and extreme cold 

  • Check weather advisories from Environment and Climate Change Canada and emergency alerts from Emergency Info BC. 
  • Contact your Local Government or First Nation to ask if they provide community supports. 
  • Know where to go for the right healthcare during winter months.  
  • Consider rescheduling activities or limiting time outdoors during colder temperatures. 
  • Check-in on your neighbours, friends and family, especially older adults or people with disabilities who live alone. Make sure they are keeping warm and check if they need supplies, transportation, assistance clearing snow or other support. 

For more information on Public Weather Alerts for British Columbia, visit these  Environment and Climate Change Canada resources:  

Online public weather alerts for BC (Translated) 
WeatherCAN App (Translated) 
Hello Weather – Automated telephone forecasts and weather alerts  (Translated) 

 

Resources

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PreparedBC Winter Weather and Storms Preparedness Guide

PreparedBC has developed a Severe Winter Weather and Storm Readiness Guide to help people prepare for such weather events. The booklet provides key information on the risks associated with the season, and actions you can take to be prepared.

Download the guide

a diverse group having hot coco outside during winter

VCH Winter Health Resource for Community Organizations

This resource is intended for community organizations helping their community prepare for and stay safe during winter weather events, like snowstorms or power outages. It provides health guidance, key resources, and recommended actions to prepare for and support community during winter weather events.

Download the resource sheet

An illustration showing a scene of a town during winter

Put your health first this winter

This season, more than ever, it's vital to proactively manage your health and well-being. It's essential to recognize when it's time to seek medical help, and just as important to know how to care for yourself and avoid the need for medical care where possible.

Learn more

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